{
  "Rearrangement of Education Sector Units": "## Rearrangement of Education Sector Units\n\n### Policy Directives for Education Unit Restructuring\n\nThe implementation of the two-tier local government model in Vietnam has brought forth specific directives for the rearrangement of public service units, particularly within the education sector. A key orientation outlined by the Steering Committee for the rearrangement of administrative units and the construction of the two-tier local government model, as detailed in Official Letter No. 03/CV-BCĐ dated April 15, 2025, provides clear guidance. This policy aims to streamline the administrative apparatus, enhance efficiency, and bring public services closer to the populace ([in-text citation](https://xaydungchinhsach.chinhphu.vn/dinh-huong-sap-xep-co-so-y-te-giao-duc-va-don-vi-su-nghiep-cong-lap-truc-thuoc-ubnd-cap-huyen)).\n\nUnder this new framework, public secondary schools, primary schools, and preschools are to remain intact, with their management transferred to the commune-level local government. This move is designed to empower local authorities at the grassroots level to directly oversee and manage educational institutions that serve their immediate communities, fostering a more responsive and localized approach to education administration ([in-text citation](https://xaydungchinhsach.chinhphu.vn/dinh-huong-sap-xep-co-so-y-te-giao-duc-va-don-vi-su-nghiep-cong-lap-truc-thuoc-ubnd-cap-huyen)). The rationale behind this is to ensure that essential services for citizens and businesses are decentralized to the commune level, which is closest to the community and capable of timely response ([in-text citation](https://isos.gov.vn/nghien-cuu-trao-doi/sap-xep-don-vi-hanh-chinh-va-to-chuc-chinh-quyen-dia-phuong-2-cap-o-viet-nam-buoc-di-dot-pha-trong-cach-mang-tinh-gon-to-chuc-bo-may-nha-nuoc)).\n\nConversely, vocational education centers and continuing education centers, which were previously under the management of district-level People's Committees, are slated for a different form of reorganization. These institutions will be transferred to the provincial Department of Education and Training (Sở Giáo dục và Đào tạo) for restructuring. The objective here is to enable them to provide services across multiple communes or wards (inter-commune/ward services), thereby optimizing resource allocation and service delivery at a broader, regional scale ([in-text citation](https://xaydungchinhsach.chinhphu.vn/dinh-huong-sap-xep-co-so-y-te-giao-duc-va-don-vi-su-nghiep-cong-lap-truc-thuoc-ubnd-cap-huyen)). This differentiation in restructuring reflects a strategic approach to education management, where foundational education remains localized, while specialized and adult education services are consolidated for efficiency and wider reach. The overall aim is to eliminate intermediate levels, streamline the organizational structure, and ensure smooth, effective, and efficient operations ([in-text citation](https://xaydungchinhsach.chinhphu.vn/day-manh-thuc-hien-6-giai-phap-de-phat-huy-hieu-qua-viec-sap-xep-don-vi-hanh-chinh-xay-dung-mo-hinh-to-chuc-chinh-quyen-dia-phuong-2-cap)).\n\n### Operational Shifts and Management at the Commune Level\n\nThe transition to a two-tier local government model, which officially began operation on July 1, 2025 ([in-text citation](https://baochinhphu.vn/chinh-quyen-dia-phuong-2-cap-se-van-hanh-tu-1-7-2025-ca-he-thong-chinh-tri-buoc-vao-cuoc-nuoc-rut-lich-su)), significantly alters the operational landscape for education units, particularly at the commune level. With the management of public secondary, primary, and preschools now falling under commune-level local governments, there is an increased emphasis on local autonomy and direct accountability. This shift is intended to foster a closer relationship between educational institutions and the communities they serve, allowing for more responsive decision-making tailored to local needs ([in-text citation](https://xaydungchinhsach.chinhphu.vn/dinh-huong-sap-xep-co-so-y-te-giao-duc-va-don-vi-su-nghiep-cong-lap-truc-thuoc-ubnd-cap-huyen)).\n\nThe commune level is now tasked with the direct implementation of policies from central and provincial levels, focusing on serving residents and directly addressing community issues, as well as providing basic and essential public services ([in-text citation](https://xaydungchinhsach.chinhphu.vn/day-manh-thuc-hien-6-giai-phap-de-phat-huy-hieu-qua-viec-sap-xep-don-vi-hanh-chinh-xay-dung-mo-hinh-to-chuc-chinh-quyen-dia-phuong-2-cap)). This includes the management of human resources within these schools, such as teachers and administrative staff. The evaluation and ranking of civil servants, including education personnel, are critical components of this new operational model. According to current regulations, the head of the unit (e.g., school principal) is responsible for deciding the annual evaluation and ranking of quality for civil servants in public education units, based on the end of the school year or working year ([in-text citation](https://baochinhphu.vn/thoi-diem-danh-gia-xep-loai-vien-chuc-giao-duc-102250908142327079.htm)). For the 2023-2024 school year, evaluations are used as a basis for 2024 bonuses, which is considered consistent with current regulations ([in-text citation](https://baochinhphu.vn/thoi-diem-danh-gia-xep-loai-vien-chuc-giao-duc-102250908142327079.htm)).\n\nHowever, this decentralization also presents challenges. Localities are expected to build specific regulations for bonus schemes, which must be submitted to higher management for oversight and public disclosure within the unit ([in-text citation](https://baochinhphu.vn/thoi-diem-danh-gia-xep-loai-vien-chuc-giao-duc-102250908142327079.htm)). The shift requires robust capacity building at the commune level to handle increased administrative responsibilities, including personnel management, financial oversight, and curriculum implementation. The success of this model hinges on the ability of commune-level governments to effectively manage these newly transferred responsibilities, ensuring that the quality of education is maintained and enhanced, while also addressing the welfare and professional development of education staff. The Prime Minister Phạm Minh Chính has emphasized the need for continued review and completion of the legal framework to ensure smooth and effective operation of the two-tier local government model ([in-text citation](https://baochinhphu.vn/hoan-thien-mo-hinh-chinh-quyen-dia-phuong-2-cap-bao-dam-van-hanh-hieu-qua-ngay-trong-2025-102250811153627551.htm)).\n\n### Inter-Commune Service Provision in Education\n\nA distinct aspect of the education sector rearrangement under the two-tier government model is the strategic consolidation and reorganization of vocational education centers and continuing education centers. These units, previously managed at the district level, are now being transferred to the provincial Department of Education and Training (Sở Giáo dục và Đào tạo) with the explicit purpose of being reorganized to provide inter-commune/ward services ([in-text citation](https://xaydungchinhsach.chinhphu.vn/dinh-huong-sap-xep-co-so-y-te-giao-duc-va-don-vi-su-nghiep-cong-lap-truc-thuoc-ubnd-cap-huyen)). This move represents a shift from localized, potentially fragmented service delivery to a more centralized, regionally coordinated approach for these specific educational offerings.\n\nThe objective of this reorganization is to achieve greater efficiency and effectiveness in resource utilization, avoid scattered investments, and overcome the fragmentation of development space ([in-text citation](https://xaydungchinhsach.chinhphu.vn/day-manh-thuc-hien-6-giai-phap-de-phat-huy-hieu-qua-viec-sap-xep-don-vi-hanh-chinh-xay-dung-mo-hinh-to-chuc-chinh-quyen-dia-phuong-2-cap)). By having these centers managed at the provincial level and serving multiple communes, it is anticipated that a wider range of specialized vocational training and lifelong learning opportunities can be offered, benefiting a larger population base. This consolidation can lead to economies of scale, better allocation of teaching staff, improved infrastructure, and the development of more comprehensive and relevant curricula that meet regional labor market demands.\n\nFor instance, Hải Dương province has already begun to define its approach to rearranging public service units, including education, towards providing inter-commune/ward services and dissolving units no longer suitable for the two-tier government model ([in-text citation](https://xaydungchinhsach.chinhphu.vn/dinh-huong-sap-xep-co-so-giao-duc-y-te-don-vi-su-nghiep-cung-cap-dich-vu-lien-xa-phuong)). This provincial-level oversight allows for strategic planning regarding the location, specialization, and outreach of these centers, ensuring that they are accessible and beneficial to a broader segment of the population across different communes. The challenge lies in ensuring that these reorganized centers remain responsive to the diverse needs of individual communities while operating at a larger scale. Effective coordination between provincial departments and commune-level authorities will be crucial for successful implementation, ensuring that local demands for vocational and continuing education are met through these consolidated regional hubs.\n\n### Civil Servant Evaluation and Remuneration in Education\n\nThe rearrangement of education sector units under the two-tier local government model is intrinsically linked with the evaluation and remuneration policies for education civil servants. These policies are crucial for motivating staff, ensuring accountability, and aligning performance with the broader goals of the streamlined administrative system. Key regulations governing these aspects include Nghị định số 73/2024/NĐ-CP, Nghị định số 90/2020/NĐ-CP, and Quyết định số 786/QĐ-BNV.\n\nNghị định số 73/2024/NĐ-CP, dated June 30, 2024, stipulates that the head of a public service unit is responsible for establishing specific regulations for bonus schemes applicable to all personnel on the unit's payroll. These regulations must be submitted to the direct superior management agency for oversight and public disclosure within the unit ([in-text citation](https://baochinhphu.vn/thoi-diem-danh-gia-xep-loai-vien-chuc-giao-duc-102250908142327079.htm)). This decentralization of bonus scheme formulation allows for flexibility at the unit level while maintaining a framework of accountability. The periodic bonus regime is directly linked to the annual performance evaluation and ranking of task completion ([in-text citation](https://baochinhphu.vn/thoi-diem-danh-gia-xep-loai-vien-chuc-giao-duc-102250908142327079.htm)).\n\nFurthermore, Nghị định số 90/2020/NĐ-CP, concerning the evaluation and ranking of quality for cadres, civil servants, and public employees, specifies that the annual evaluation time for civil servants in public education units is decided by the head of the unit, based on the end of the school year or working year ([in-text citation](https://baochinhphu.vn/thoi-diem-danh-gia-xep-loai-vien-chuc-giao-duc-102250908142327079.htm)). For public service units in education and training that conclude their working year before December annually, the unit head determines the evaluation and ranking time ([in-text citation](https://baochinhphu.vn/thoi-diem-danh-gia-xep-loai-vien-chuc-giao-duc-102250908142327079.htm)). This flexibility acknowledges the distinct operational cycles of the education sector.\n\nRegarding bonuses, Quyết định số 786/QĐ-BNV, dated November 6, 2024, states that the basis for awarding bonuses is the decision approving the annual evaluation and ranking results of cadres, civil servants, public employees, and workers by the competent authority. For the year 2024, the bonus fund is equivalent to 6 months of salary ([in-text citation](https://baochinhphu.vn/thoi-diem-danh-gia-xep-loai-vien-chuc-giao-duc-102250908142327079.htm)). Consequently, the evaluation results for the 2023-2024 school year serve as the basis for 2024 bonuses for school units ([in-text citation](https://baochinhphu.vn/thoi-diem-danh-gia-xep-loai-vien-chuc-giao-duc-102250908142327079.htm)).\n\nA notable change, effective from the 2023-2024 school year, is the maximum cap of 20% for teachers ranked as \"excellent completion of tasks\" ([in-text citation](https://giaoduc.net.vn/giao-vien-xep-loai-hoan-thanh-xuat-sac-nhiem-vu-tieu-chi-va-quyen-loi-post251042.gd)). This cap, outlined in Điều 12 Nghị định 90/2020/NĐ-CP, has led to discussions and concerns among teachers regarding the fairness and transparency of evaluation processes ([in-text citation](https://giaoduc.net.vn/giao-vien-xep-loai-hoan-thanh-xuat-sac-nhiem-vu-tieu-chi-va-quyen-loi-post251042.gd)). The bonus for the \"Grassroots Em"
}